SI Joint Fusion
What Is SI Joint Fusion?
SI joint fusion is a surgical procedure that permanently stabilizes one of the sacroiliac (SI) joints. These joints connect the base of your spine (the sacrum) to the upper part of your pelvis (the ilium) and play a key role in supporting body weight and movement.
When the SI joint becomes inflamed or unstable, it can cause chronic lower back, buttock, or hip pain. SI joint fusion is considered when nonsurgical treatments such as physical therapy, medications, and injections have not provided lasting relief.
This procedure may also be referred to as:
- SI joint fusion
- Sacroiliac fusion
- SI fusion
These terms all describe the same surgery.
Who May Benefit From SI Joint Fusion
Your physician may recommend SI joint fusion if you have:
- Chronic lower back or pelvic pain linked to the SI joint
- Sacroiliitis that has not improved with conservative treatment
- Pain that significantly interferes with daily activities and quality of life
Before surgery is considered, your care team will review your symptoms, imaging studies, and response to prior treatments.
How the Procedure Is Performed
SI joint fusion can be performed using either a minimally invasive or an open surgical approach, depending on your anatomy and clinical needs.
Minimally invasive approach
- Small incisions
- Less tissue disruption
- Shorter recovery time
Open surgery
- Larger incision
- Used for more complex cases
During the procedure, the surgeon:
- Positions you face down under general anesthesia
- Makes small incisions near the SI joint
- Removes damaged cartilage or bone
- Inserts titanium implants across the joint to stabilize and fuse the bones
- Closes the incision
Over time, the bones grow together, forming a single stable unit that reduces motion and pain.
The procedure typically takes about one hour.
Benefits of SI Joint Fusion
SI joint fusion can provide:
- Significant and lasting pain reduction
- Improved stability of the pelvis and lower spine
- Improved ability to perform daily activities and exercise
- Better overall quality of life
Most patients report meaningful improvement in pain and function after recovery.
Risks and Possible Complications
As with any surgery, SI joint fusion carries some risks, including:
- Infection
- Bleeding
- Pain
- Reactions to anesthesia
In rare cases, the joint may not heal as expected, which may require additional treatment or surgery.
Some patients may experience reduced motion at the fused joint or develop discomfort in nearby areas of the spine over time.
Recovery and Rehabilitation
SI joint fusion is often performed as an outpatient procedure, allowing most patients to go home the same day.
In the early recovery period, patients are typically advised to:
- Walk and move regularly, often with a walker or cane
- Avoid lifting more than 10 pounds
- Limit prolonged sitting
- Gradually increase activity as tolerated
Physical therapy may be recommended to restore strength and mobility.
Most patients can return to normal activities within three to four months, based on their surgeon’s guidance.
Pain Management After Surgery
Postoperative pain is expected during the first few weeks. Pain is typically managed with:
- Prescription pain medication
- Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications
- Acetaminophen
Your surgeon will provide a customized pain management plan.
When to Contact Your Provider
Call your care team right away if you experience:
- Fever over 101°F
- Increasing redness, swelling, or drainage from the incision
- New or worsening pain
- Signs of infection
Is SI Joint Fusion Right for You?
SI joint fusion is considered when conservative treatments have failed and pain continues to limit daily life. Your SpineOne care team will review your imaging, symptoms, and treatment history to determine if this procedure is appropriate for you.
Our goal is to provide durable pain relief, restore stability, and help you return to an active, functional life.